China issued interim rules in February 2018 that place the burden to properly recycle batteries from electric vehicles on manufacturers, including establishing maintence facilities for convenient repair or exchange of old batteries; incentives for proper disposal; a tracking system to deter illegal disposal; and training for recycling centers, according to Clean Technica:

"The difference between a managed economy — i.e. China — and a free market economy — i.e. the US — is that a managed economy can eliminate untaxed externalities that allow manufacturers to pass the costs of pollution onto others to bear. In the US model, corporations are free to pump all the pollutants they want into the air, the land, and rivers in order to maximize profits and executive compensation."